快速刀具伺服分数阶PID控制仿真的研究*

作者：朱志伟，赵绍昕，王 刚，周晓勤* 日期：2010-09-08/span> 浏览：3201 查看PDF文档

快速刀具伺服分数阶PID控制仿真的研究*
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朱志伟，赵绍昕，王 刚，周晓勤*
（吉林大学 机械科学与工程学院，吉林 长春 130022）
摘要：利用分数阶PID控制，提出了一种新的快速刀具伺服（FTS）跟踪控制方法，以改善FTS的控制性能。根据差分进化算法，讨论了分数阶PID控制器的参数整定；通过数值仿真，考察了该方法的可行性和有效性。针对FTS的轨迹跟踪，根据响应时间、跟踪精度等指标，详细比较了分数阶PID控制与传统PID控制的性能。仿真结果表明，分数阶PID控制器的阶跃响应时间约为5×10-7 s，是PID控制响应时间的42%，对频率为1 kHz，幅值为1 μm的正弦信号的跟踪误差约为6 nm，是PID跟踪误差的50%，验证了基于分数阶PID控制器实现FTS轨迹跟踪控制的可行性和优越性。
关键词：超精密加工；快速刀具伺服；轨迹跟踪控制；分数阶PID控制
中图分类号：TH39;TP273
文献标识码：A文章编号：1001-4551(2010)08-0006-04

Simulation of fast tool servo control based on fractional PID controller
ZHU Zhi-wei, ZHAO Shao-xin, WANG Gang, ZHOU Xiao-qin
(College of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China)
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Abstract: In order to improve the control performance of fast tool servo (FTS), a new tracking control method, based on fractional PID controller, was proposed for the FTS. A differential evolution algorithm was employed for the parameter tuning of the fractional PID controller. The feasibility and availability of the proposed controller were examined by numerical simulation. The control performances of fractional and conventional PID controllers were well compared based on performance indexes, including response time and tracking accuracy. The step response time of fractional PID controller is about 5×10-7 s and is 42% of PID controller, the tracking error of a sine wave with 1 kHz frequency and 1 μm amplitude is about 6 nm and is 50% of PID controller. The results of the simulation verify that fractional PID controller is of more excellent control performance than conventional PID controller, and it is suitable for the tracking control of fast tool servo.
Key words: ultra-precision machining; fast tool servo(FTS); trajectory tracking control; fractional PID controller